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Emergence of Mind

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Iain Davidson
Archaeology and Palaeoanthropology
School of Geography, Planning, Archaeology and Palaeoanthropology
University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, AUSTRALIA

Recent discussions of the emergence of mind have emphasised the need to consider evidence from all of the disciplines of primatology, psychology, and linguistics as well as physical anthropology and the archaeology of subsistence, stone artefacts, bone tools, ochre, art and the spatial organisation of activities within sites and across landscapes. Views have polarised around two hypotheses: an early emergence to account for the evidence of expansion of brain size, the earliest appearance of regular use of stone tools and changes in subsistence at the time of the emergence of the first fossils that physical anthropologists call Homo; a late emergence, probably associated with the use of symbols and dated some time between the appearance of fully modern humans, Homo sapiens, in Africa and the colonisation of Australia. In this session, data relevant to both early and late hypotheses are presented in the light of understandings of primatology, psychology and linguistics by specialists in physical anthropology, and the archaeology of subsistence, stone artefacts, bone tools, ochre, and the spatial organisation of activities within sites and across landscapes. In particular there are papers about the latest tantalising evidence from the Middle Stone Age of southern Africa.

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Barnham Seeing Yellow: Pigment use in the Zambian Middle Stone Age
Bunn The behaviour ecology of carcass acquisition and utilisation by Pio-pliocene Homo in east Africa
Davidson Cranial Capacity and the Emergence of Mind
Hewitt The need to communicate precise information about time and place as a selection pressure for the evolution of speech.
Mclarnon The role of enhanced breathing control in the evolution of human language
Sinclair Quinney “Archaics”, “moderns”, and the “muddle in the middle’
Wadley Cultural modernity in the MSA of Southern Africa: What is the evidence
Watts Skin-changing ritual performance in the Middle Stone Age
White The Misuse of Stone Tools
Wynn Did Homo Erectus Cognition include a technical module

Chronological Sequences

Convenor to be announced

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Bagenholm Processual alternative to changes in the languages i.e Indo-europeanization, Finno-ugrianization with Scandinavian languages
Kovalevskaia Time and Space: Great migrations in Eurasia (1mil AD) Genogeographical and Archaeological comparisons)
Kuzmina Three chronological methods and three ways of synchronisation of Bronze Age sites in the Eurasian steppes
Leshtakov Between Asia and Europe: Thrace like a key for Historical Chronology of Europe
Song Research into time-landmarks in the Early Shang Dynasty
Wahome Towards understanding of the post-lapita ceramics of the Admiralty Islands.
Watrin Reletive Chronology of the Lower Egyptian Cultures (Buto-Maadi-Minshat)
Zadneprovsky The Settlement of Osh (Kyrgyzstan)

The Impact of IT on Archaeology

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Convenor: Gary Lock & Kayt Smith

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Bewley Down to Earth – is IT a hard landing for Aerial Archaeology?
Forsyth Mathematics and Computers: The Classifier’s Ruse
Gidlow Archaeological computing and disciplinary theory
Grew From museum store to data warehouse: archaeological archives for the twenty-first century
Smith The Palestine SMR Project
Tschan Daly Is there such a thing as “Computer Archaeology”?

The form, physique and fitness of Educational Archaeology: is it working out?

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Amanda Esterhuizen and Jeannette Smith

Educational Archaeology is rapidly taking shape. Yet how is it becoming manifest within different educational and archaeological contexts world wide? In some instances Educational Archaeology is taking on its own theory and methodology, and fast becoming a sub-discipline in its own right – this in turn gives rise to debates around the training of Educational Archaeologists. In other instances, archaeological content is merely inserted into educational activities, often to assuage the academics need to be publicly accountable, and Educational Archaeology does not have much form of its own.

This session calls for papers that deal with issues relating to:

theory and methodology, and its application within both archaeology and education
the training and qualifications of educational archaeologists
whether Educational Archaeology, in whatever form, grapples with questions about gender, ethnicity, class etc.
the motivation for doing Educational Archaeology; be it political. ethical or whimsical

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Esterthuizen Weighing in, the size and scale of Educational Archaeology in South Africa
Frazer Archaeology in the History Classroom
Funari Ethnicity and identity: archaeology, education and the Brazilian identity
Jameson The National Park Service Archaeologist- interpreter shared Competencies Curriculum s057jms1
Lock Rolling Back The Years: Archaeology and Lifelong Learning in the UK.
Meyer From stone chip to microchip: Computer assisted education for Educational Archaeology
Smardz Doing archaeology in public: essential knowledge for archaeologists and educators: the marketing branch of the profession
Smith An Archaeological and educational perspective on the ‘Anglo-Boer War’
Wolynec Children with disabilities should have access to their archaeological past

Africanisation of Archaeology

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Convenor: Nicholas Shepherd

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Bagodo Modelling Anthropological Archaeology of Africa in the Last Quarter of the Century B.W. Andah’s Contribution.
Boloka Carrying the rag-bag of ‘South African’ Literary Canon into the 21st Century
Okpoko Indigenous knowledge and management of cultural resources in Africa: Nigeria as a case study
Ouma “Understanding Eurocentric attitudes towards African Archaeology; A historical look at the impact of cultural legislation on the practice of Archaeology in the post -colonial Kenya”
Shepherd Moving the Centre in South African Archaeology
Wamalwa archaeology – Its Status in Africa

Visualisation in Archaeology

To Be Announced

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Conradie The ingenuity and indelible pencil of Austen Henry Layard at Nimrud
Palsson Seascapes: Iceland and the North Atlantic
Rudenbeck Image of the Human being and origins of agriculture

Africanisation of Knowledge

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Convenor: Kwesi Prah

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Gerdes On the production of mathematical knowledge in Central and Southern Africa
Quaglivolo Criteria for common standards in Archaeological Heritage management.

Archaeology in Cyber-space

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Claire Smith and Sara Champion

Globalisation is dissolving the geographic boundaries which formerly shaped people’s understandings of themselves and the world. It is establishing a context for changes in archaeology that are at an unprecedented rate and scale. Modern communication technologies provide the means not only for developing regional and global networks but also for establishing radically different ways of ‘doing’ archaeology. As archaeology moves throughout cyber-space, there arises the possibility of transforming archaeology in innovative and effective ways.

This session will focus on how the use of cyber-space is affecting three areas of archaeology:

• Research.
• Teaching.
• Promotion.

For archaeologists, this is a time opportunity as well as of risk. On the one hand, is the opportunity for archaeologists to promote the values of their discipline to new audiences and to empower themselves through quickly becoming familiar with each others quality innovations, successful strategies and conceptual advances. On the other hand, there are risks associated with the regulation and authentication of information and with the ownership, control and protection of intellectual property. Other important issues relate to access and equity, to the commodification of archaeology and to the impact of communication technologies on the roles and structures of archaeology.

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Champion Breaking the barriers: archaeology, adult education and the Internet
Hall Teaching Archaeological Excavation without Disservice: the TARDIS solution
Hirst A World Atlas of Archaeology on the Web
Holtorf Doctoral Theses in the Age of Hypermedia: a case-study
McConnochie Virtual Archaeology and Indigenous Understandings: the construction of an interactive virtual archaeology site
Smith Teaching Archaeology in Cyberspace

Different approaches to archaeological visualisation

Convenor

Alan Chalmers (Bristol) and Simon Stoddart (Cambridge)

The symposium will present current approaches to visualisation of European sites and landscapes, employing 3D modelling, acoustic reconstruction, remote sensing and GIS. A range of European examples will presented, covering periods and contexts from the Palaeolithic to the Medieval. How effective are current approaches and where is the field of visualisation developing ?

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Chalmers et al Reconstructing Maltese Temples
Fitzjohn et al Modelling the relationship between Greeks and indigenous populations in ancient Sicily
Harrison et al Peopling the Etruscan and Roman countryside, north of Rome
Mcnamara et al Illumination in domestic medieval environments
Robson Brown et al Realistic computer Visualisation of the prehistoric rock art of Cougnac Cave
Taylor Geochemical and geophysical visualisation of Roman settlements

Maritime Archaeology: Challenges for the New Millennium

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Convenors

John Gribble, South Africa
Jaco Boshoff, South Africa
Marek Jasinski, Norway

The title chosen for this maritime archaeological symposium – Challenges for the New Millennium – is aimed at stimulating creative thinking and debate about the future of the discipline of maritime archaeology.

Maritime archaeology is beset by a variety of long-standing issues and problems that bedevil the discipline, and which have been hotly debated by practitioners for years. These include theoretical and ethical issues which relate to underwater archaeological resources. Pressure on underwater archaeological resources is continually mounting, however, as more divers enter the water every year. The vast majority of those who now have access to a resource which was protected for centuries due to its inaccessibility are not archaeologists and approach underwater sites with agendas and attitudes usually widely divergent from those of archaeologists and heritage managers. A lack of education or knowledge about the importance of underwater cultural resources, or a perception that these resources are there for the taking, coupled with a lack of capacity on the part of heritage managers and archaeologists to effectively police the resource has meant the rapid degradation in most cases of many underwater archaeological sites.

If underwater cultural heritage resources are to survive beyond this century and into the new millennium as viable objects of archaeological interest, solutions to these problems are going to have to be found, and this is going to have to be sooner rather than later. This symposium will address some of these issues from around the world, and aims to encourage debate and discussion that will perhaps go some way towards suggesting possible solutions.

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Boshoff Culling the White Elephants: The development of Maritime Archaeology at the South African Cultural History Museum
Cano HMS Swift (1762-1770) a non-intrusive operation in underwater archaeology of shipwrecks; Puerto Deseado, Patagonia, Argentina
Forrest New Laws for the millennium- Archaeology AND salvage? S032hrr2
Gardner Deep diving, new underwater equipment and the future of archaeology S032grn1
Gribble The “Dodington Gold Coins” S032grb1
Harris Slaves, swamps and sports divers: The challenge of dovetailing public education with research and submerged site management in South Carolina
Jasinski WHICH WAY NOW? Maritime archaeology and underwater heritage into the 21st century. S032jsk1
Mantzouka-Syson Underwater archaeology in Greece: Past present and future s032mnt1
Staniforth Underwater cultural heritage management in Australia: a model in need of repair s032stn1
Underwood Is there a role for the sports diver in maritime archaeology?
Valentini Santa Fe Vieja (1573-1600); underwater archaeology of a Spanish settlement, Santa Fe Province, San Javier River, Argentina
Valentini Cano underwater archaeology in Argentina: works and future developments
Vrana et al Private public partnerships in shipwreck archaeology: rationale and recommendations
Werz Between the devil and the deep blue sea: the development and future of maritime archaeology in South Africa s032wrz1
Wickler et al Remote sensing in marine archaeology: Preliminary results of the Snow White Project, Arctic Norway s032wnc1
Williams Cooper Maritime archaeology in Northern Ireland S032wlm1