TimoB

Archaeology of the Sacred Domain

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Convenor: Thomas Levi

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Bogorodtcev To the question about the idea of next life in the world outlook of Southural nomads in VI-V centuries B.C
Clarke In Search of the Byzantine Genotype: An application of Space Syntax Analysis to Jordanian Byzantine Churches.
Endrodi Phenomena of the Religious Life and their Social Background in the Hungarian Late Copper Age
Ghabban Subsidiaries of the Egyptian Pilgrim route in Africa
Levy The Emergence of Pan-regional ritual centers: A case study from the Southern Levant
Lind The establishment of churches and the Church: ideological and political change in the medieval North
Shrimali Archaeology of ‘sacred domain’: Mathura and kashi revisited

Art, Cognition & Belief

Convenor:Bill Sillar & Paul Rainbird

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Anozie The Igbo Python – Goddess of Idemili, South-Eastern Nigeria.
Bayliss-Smith Mulk Sailing boats in Padjelanta: iconic and symbolic meanings in newly-discovered Sámi rock art from northern Sweden
Haber Wall refuse and vessel. Dialogics of ochre in the Atacama
Hromnik The Quena (Hottentot) Horology
Loumpet-Galitzine Schematic rock paintings and engravings in the Central African forest area: A structural and semiological approach
Mazel Watchman The dating of rock paintings in the Natal Drakensberg and the Biggarsberg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Mguni The sequence of Painted Imagery at Diepkloof Kraal shelter: An insight from the application of the Harris matrix methodology
Musch Palaeolithic Sculptures from the Northwest European Plains
Rainbird Interpreting Pohnpei Petroglyphs
Sillar Time and the other? The use of the past in Inka state ideologies
Solli Odin the queer? On elements of queerness in Norse mythology
Taruvinga “Conservation, Not Interpretation” A Historical Perspective of Rock Art Research In Zimbabwe
Umeji Igbo-Ukwu: An Archaeological Record of Igbo Women’s Culture
Woodhouse Elephants in the Rock Art of Southern Africa

The Archaeology of Burials, Ritual and Status

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Convenor: Niel Price

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Dobruna-Slihu The Illryian works of art in portrait’s plastic of the Roman time , the territory of Dardania
Gallis Some evidence for ritual use of figurines in Neolithic Thessaly, Greece
Hajheidary Introducing and investigation of the decorative features of stone graves of the cemetery Zagh-Abad
Jakobsson Burial layout, society and sacred Geography- A Viking Age example from northern Sweden
Jash ARCHAEOLOGY and RELIGION:A Case Study Of The Mother Goddess Worship In India
Kimaru Pre-Burial Ritualism from a Pastoral Neolithic
Kusch The image of death and funerary art in N.O. Argentina tradition
Nienaber A multidisciplinary approach to burials and burial practice during the South African War of 1899-1902
Price The Riders and the Eaters: shamanism and its functions among the peoples of Viking Age Scandinavia
Turek Mortuary practices of the central European Late Neolithic and their social significance
Urtrans Ancient cult sites in Latvia. A way from past to past?
Valko Kush Cultural transference of the sacred geography of Banados del Panto, La Rioja (Argentina)
van Grijn Stone tools and burial practices in the late prehistory of the Netherlands
Yablonski The funeral rite of the early cattle breeders of Hwarezem

THE MIND AND BODY IN SOCIETY

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Jane Hubert and Michael Rowlands

Part 1:

Archaeology, Anthropology and the Healing of Social Wounds

Convenor: Michael Rowlands, Department of Anthropology, University

College London, London WC1E 6BT. Tel: + 44 171 380 7843. Fax: + 44

171 380 7728. Email: m.rowlands@ucl.ac.uk

Topics of relevance to this symposium include: Embodiment and sacred power; the body as metaphor; bodies as containers; healing and treatment of the social body; expression of knowledge through bodily practices; the human body as a symbol of the social order; representations as practice; healing cults and ritualising of the body; mind/body dichotomy.

Part 2:

The Archaeology and Anthropology of Madness, Disability and Social Exclusion

Convenor: Jane Hubert, Department of Psychiatry of Disability, St.

George’s Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE.

Tel: + 44 181 725 5504. Fax: + 44 171 383 2572.

Email: jhubert@sghms.ac.uk

Topics of relevance to this symposium include: Archaeological evidence of social exclusion; historical evidence; spirit possession; dehumanising of mentally ill and learning disabled/ mentally handicapped/mentally retarded people (from mass killing to ‘inhuman’ treatment); ‘personhood’; sex and gender; social/cultural constructions of madness/ disability; institutions as containers; stigma and social exclusion; perceptions of normality/ abnormality.

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Abdelnoor The Incoherent Scapegoat: the evolution of a victimising society, and its manipulation of the fear of madness.
Blakely Madness in the Body Politic: Kouretes, Korybantes, and the Politics of Shamanism
Brooks An integrative cross-cultural study of involuntary civil confinement based upon “mental illness” s133brk1
Hollins The implications of the exclusion of people with learning disabilities/mental handicap from funerary rituals
Hollins The Meaning of Deafness and the Use of Cochlear Implantation
Hubert Physical, social and moral exclusion: people with severe learning disabilities (mental handicap) in long-stay institutions
Ifeka Beyond the pale: anthropological evidence of social exclusion
MacGregor Social Suffering and the care of the mentally ill in Sourh Africa
Marks Looking and Being Seen: Images and Experiences of Disability
Roberts Thinking about disability in past populations: problems and potential of using skeletal data
Russel the impossible body: transgression and dissembling in Sofia Kovalevskaya’s accounts of 19th Century Paris sanitariums
Waldron The halt, the lame and the blind: where are the disadvantaged in the archaeological record?

Archaeology of Colonialism

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Convenors

Claire L. Lyons and Richard W. Lindstrom (Getty Research Institute).

This Symposium has been made possible through the generosity of the Getty Research Institute for the History of Art and the Humanities

This symposium will explore the archaeological evidence of colonialism through case studies of material culture and excavated sites. The case studies range from ancient Mesopotamia and the classical Mediterranean to historical contexts in Africa, the Americas, and Oceania. Cross-cultural and diachronic studies can offer valuable ways of integrating–or problematizing the relationship between–artifactual remains and historic documentation. Each paper adopts a comparative approach and considers issues of identity, cultural reciprocity, and indigenous responses to the colonial experience within an explicit theoretical framework.

The full-day symposium will be organized into morning and afternoon sections, each with a respondent and discussion period. The first session focuses on interpretations of material culture evidence in order to explore the role of economic and cultural exchange in defining aspects of colonization. Taking the evidence of recent excavations, the four papers present different paradigms of colonial trade and how exchanges between colonizers and colonized are organized. Stein’s paper on the Uruk settlement at 4th-millennium Hacinebi (Turkey) suggests that colonialism need not imply economic or cultural dominance over the host community, and interprets the extensive physical data using trade-diaspora models drawn from West African ethnography. By contrast, Dominguez’s consideration of the Greek influence on Iberian art and language suggests that colonial cultural identity was asserted without the presence of substantial settlements of foreign colonists. Kelly’s presentation highlights the West African Hueda and Dahomey states which acted strategically to control the trade in European products and slaves, an instance of indigenous autonomy not frequently encountered in other African colonial contexts. Autonomy and agency are emphasized in several papers, while van Dommelen applies post-colonial ideas of ambivalence and ambiguity to an assessment of Punic and Roman Sardinia, in order to challenge conventional colonial terminology.

The role of myth, religion, and ritual in the symbolic expression of colonial identities is examined in the afternoon session. These papers consider shifting identities in response to colonial contact and their reflection in the patterning of the material world. Cummins discusses the dominant Christian missionizing influence on local patterns of marriage and the social order, through analysis of 16th-century Andean town planning and architecture. In Oceania, Thomas analyzes the impact of colonially introduced styles of textiles and dress, which are in turn transformed by the local inhabitants and come to objectify new forms of Christian sociality. Samford proposes a case of religious continuity in the practice of ancestor veneration among 18th-century Virginia Tidewater slave communities, and parallels the use of shrine-pits with similar rituals in West Africa. While defining “self vs. other” may have functioned to maintain ethnic identity in the context of plantation labor, the example of Greek-Etruscan interaction in Southern Italy described by Malkin questions such a clear dichotomy. He points to the emergence of collective identities and mediating cultures through the adoption of myths of “ancestor-founders” on the part of the colonized. Malkin’s use of “Middle Ground” theory, developed in the context of Great Lakes frontier cultures, echoes van Dommelen’s emphasis on ambiguity at the end of the first session.

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Cummins Forms of Andean colonial Towns, free will and marriage
Dominquez Greeks in Iberia: Colonialism without Colonisation
Kelly Indigenous responses to colonial encounters on the west African coast: Hueda and dahomey from the 17th through 19th Century
MacCormack Respondent
Malkin A Colonial Middle Ground: Greek, Etruscan, and Local Elites in the bay of Naples
Papadopoulos Closing Remarks
Samford “Strong is the Bond of Kinship:” West African-Style Ancestor Shrines and Subfloor Pits on African-American Quarter
Schire Respondent
Stein Colonies without Colonialism: models of Mesopotamian- Anatolian Interaction at Hacinebi, Turkey
Thomas Colonizing Cloth: Interpreting the Material Culture of Nineteenth-Century Oceania
van Dommelen Ambiguous Matters: identity and local cultures in Punic/Roman Sardinia

The Archaeology of the British

Mathew Johnson

This symposium seeks to explore one example of a cultural identity as it is deployed in the colonial contexts: the ‘British’. Like many such cultural identities, the ‘British’ were created and re-created at home at the same time as British identities were created and recreated abroad. This session starts with the consideration of ‘British’ identity in the British Isles themselves, critically examining the interplay of national and regional identities and the creation of a ‘British myth’ from the constituent identities of England, Scotland and Wales. This symposium continues by examining the outward expansion of British colonies and the creation of Empire.

Material culture was central to the creation of all these identities, from the interplay between polite and vernacular style in the 17th century to the creation and labelling of commodities in the 19th. Object and architectural spaces defined and redefined what it meant to be British, both for the colonial oppressor and for the colonised.

This symposium does not propose one theoretical viewpoint from which to examine the archaeology of the British; rather it seeks to bring together scholars not just from different geographical areas but from different theoretical traditions.

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Bragdon Native Americans in an English world: Material Culture and Indian Identity in Colonial Southern New England
Brown Re-thinking the concept of “Georgianization”: Patterns in the Material life of early Bermuda and Virginia
Delle Spatial conflict, collusion and resistance in late 16th century Ireland
Graves Civic ritual in Newcastle and North sea relations in the 17th century
Green Durham Houses: Social relations and regionality in north east England, c.1600-1750
Johnson In the tracks of the Thunderer: Shakespeare, Britishness and Material culture.
Klingelhofer The architecture of Empire: Elizabethan country houses in Ireland
Lawrence Becoming Australian: Material life in the Bush, 1800-1900
Leech The Garden House-Historical context and merchant culture in the early modern city
Merrington Staging History, Inventing Heritage: The “New Pageantry” and British Imperial Identity, 1905-1935
Norman Archaeological evidence of colonial environmental adaptation. The Elueuthera settlement in the Bahamas

Overlooking Things Small and Large in the Rush to Global Inference

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Mary C. Beaudry and James Symonds

We seek to explore the interplay between local and global contexts and scales of analysis in the archaeology of comparative colonialism. It is a simple matter to see the imprint of colonialism if one begins from the perspective of the colonial/imperial power: first there are broad, cross-cutting patterns of colonial expansion; second, different nations had distinct and distinctive approaches to colonization to the extent that some, like the Dutch East India Company/Dutch West India Company, literally had “kits” for colonizing that resulted in an unmistakable material signature around the globe. Neither of the above alter the fact that “the colonial experience” differed from one place to another. And this last is the most interesting part of the story even if it is far more difficult to tease out. Our point is that local scale provides the necessary context(s) for global inferences and that de-contextualized global inferences are not particularly useful and may gloss important cultural information.

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Allison The Old Kinchega Homestead
Beaudry Albion’s many seeds: Transplanting British regional identities
Fletcher Materiality, modernity and the role of historical archaeology
Symonds Diaspora and identity: ‘Becoming Worlds’ and Nineteenth century emigration from the Outer Hebrides of Scotland to Nova Scotia
Terrell An historical archaeology of the Sephardic Jewish Diaspora
Yentsch Timewarps and the Archaeological Interpretation of a Georgia Rice Plantation

The Early Immigration Experience in Global Perspective

Susan D. Ball

European colonisation of the world and the effects of contact with indigenous populations are two of the most important and, I believe fascinating, topics in historical archaeology today. Inherent in any discussion of the colonisation of an area is the story of the immigrants who realised the colonial endeavour and their contact with indigenous peoples. Historical archaeologists have been studying African, British, Dutch, French, Portuguese, and Spanish immigration to the New world, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific for many years resulting in an increased awareness of the dynamics of colonisation, settlement, multicultural interaction, and culture change. Increasingly, historical archaeologists have been addressing the myriad issues concerning the contact between Europeans and local peoples. Additionally, much historical archaeology is being done in Africa and Europe (a.k.a. medieval archaeology) to learn more about the world the immigrants left behind them. I propose a symposium that would bring together this large body of work in such a way that the process of the early immigration experience might be revealed. The session will be composed of a series of papers for each immigrating group represented. Ideally, each series will include four papers; one paper on the archaeology of the homeland for a given time period, one concerning the realities of the transoceanic voyage for the time, one on settlement in a colony from the same time period in order to maintain cultural and temporal continuity, and one on the effects of contact on native populations. Each series will be concluded by remarks from a discussant. With this symposium I want to provide a broader, yet more inclusive, context for examining colonisation and, more specifically immigration, and culture change by bringing together historical archaeologists who study different colonial episodes at different points in time but who are all studying the same process and who are posing very similar and related questions. My hope is that through such a comparative approach, new theoretical and methodological insights and questions will be suggested that will benefit historical archaeologists in their study of this global phenomenon.

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Brink From Citizen to settler: European colonists at the Cape of Good Hope
Brink Discussant: 17th Century Dutch Immigration to South Africa Series
Cremin Home and Away: the Material Culture of colonial Portugal
Funari Discussant: 16th Century Portuguese immigration to Brazil series
Janowitz 17th Century Dutch Foodways in New Netherlands
Jordan Creating the Colonist: potters, pottery production and identity at the Dutch colonial Cape of Good Hope
Lawrence An Archaeology of Early Colonial Australia, 1780-1851
Murray Discussant: 19th Century British Immigration to Australia Series
Rothschild The Beaver is all things: Mohawk and Dutch policies of interaction in the Hudson Valley, New York
Schaefer Life in the 17th Century Netherlands
Smith Immigrants and indigenes in 17th Century South Africa s036smt1
Staniforth Immigrants and Convicts to Australia: the Voyage experience
Stevens Aborigines and the Pastoral Economy in the Pilbara, Western Australia.
Wall Discussant: 17th Century Dutch Immigration to New Netherlands Series
Werz Ships of Wood and men of Steel: Trans-Oceanic Voyages to the Cape of Good Hope during the 17th Century

Battlefields and Resistance to Colonisation

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Judy Birmingham
University of Sydney

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Bargoti ‘Tahangarh : A Less Known 10 -11th Century Fort’
de Vingo Defensive territory organisation in maritime Liguria (north-west Italy) between the end of the Greek-gothic war and the longobard conquest (553-643 A.D.) through the analysis of archaeological and documentary sources.
Gomez Diaz Guerra, paz y globalizacion: 100 anos despues
Haydee Archaeological image of the colonisation on the Indian Raquel World (XVIII-XIX Centuries, The Dry Pampa, Argentina)
Johnson Showdown in the Pacific: England, Spain and Dawes Point Battery, Sydney
Kersey Comparative Historical Archaeology of three Battlefields in Lesotho and United States
Laffineur Colonization in the Greek Bronze Age?
Mitchell Frontier Landscapes: Reading the Archaeological Record and Writing a History of Colonial Settlement in the Oliphants River Valley, South Africa

Ethnographies of Place: the Historical Archaeology of Slumland

Alan Mayne

In a handful of innovative research projects, archaeologists and historians are probing within the forgotten local horizons of inner-city neighbourhoods that have hitherto been obscured by distorting slum stereotypes. Their focus is the urbanization spurt which, beginning in Britain late in the eighteenth century, transformed both the parent society and its New World territories during the following two centuries. Mary Beaudry probes beyond the slummer-epithets that cloud historical understanding of immigrant textile workers’ lives in Lowell, Massachusetts. Rebecca Yamin offers vignettes of working class life in New York City’s lower Manhattan, which fly in the face of Dickensian characterisations of Five Points as a notorious slum. Tim Murray challenges conventional historical representations of Melbourne’s Little Lon neighbourhood as one of Australia’s most infamous slums. Elizabeth van Heyningen describes similar research work being undertaken in Cape Town’s District Six. Such urban digs fascinate the general community. The excavations seem to bridge past and present. Modern cities have often been likened to palimpsests. And as a corollary, the integration of history and archaeology has frequently been urged in order to explore the hidden layers of this urban past. In practice, however, the material traces of past places have too often been erased, denied, and trivialised. Neighbourhoods have been bulldozed or selectively commemorated according to skewed taxonomies of historical significance. Memories of place have been lost or fragmented. In consequence, city dwellers today are sometimes said to live in a wilderness in both time and space without an abiding sense of their urban past. Too often, hopes for the effective integration of urban history and archaeology have been disappointed.

These paradoxes are highlighted by the misunderstandings which cloud public knowledge of central-city neighbourhoods that endured as centres of working class work and residence well into the twentieth century. The complexities of such places — their pastiche-like variety of social worlds (highlighted by John McCarthy’s discussion of late nineteenth-century Minneapolis), and their complex patterns of continuity and change through time — are obscured by the homogenising, universalising, and changeless qualities of the slum myth.

Slum stereotypes underpinned redevelopment schemes which, between the late-nineteenth and the mid-twentieth centuries, largely destroyed these neighbourhoods. Yet slums are constructions of the imagination: a stereotype that was fashioned by bourgeois entertainers and social reformers, and which obscured and distorted the varied spatial forms and social conditions to which it was applied. Historians, mesmerised by the dramatic intensity of the slummer caricatures that are embedded in the documentary record, have perpetuated this slum myth. Until recently, archaeologists have not demurred. Far from denying inequality, this symposium focuses upon the ignored material residues of inequality on the edges of mainstream history making. These vanished communities are remarkable for the quantity and range of their surviving material culture. Contextualising these data reveals socially-diverse neighbourhoods that were differentiated by social class, gender, race and ethnicity. By looking comparatively at the life traces of residents from actual neighbourhoods, rather than at the phantoms and caricatures of slum mythology, we have a firmer basis for exploring inequality in the modernising city.

papers:
Author 1 Author 2 Title
Beaudry Cultural space and worker identity in the Company City: Nineteenth Century Lowell, Massachusetts
Mayne Lawrence Ethnographies of Place S023MYN1
McCarthy Values and identity in the working class worlds of late nineteenth century Minneapolis
Murray Imaginary Landscapes: Reading Melbourne’s ‘Little Lon’
van Heyningen Malan Twice Renamed: Horsteley Street in Cape Town’s District Six, 1865-1982
Yamin Alternative Narratives: Respectability at Five Points